BIOTECH BASICS
Proteins are amino acids with 3D characteristics & always associated with genes.
Genes are nucleic acids with only linear characteristics. A more basic difference is genes are inert or static - a necessary result of their being a sort of store-house of data.
Active molecules are 3D proteins: enzymes to kick-start reactions (energy), or hormones for behavioural changes ('smart' molecules).
The other main class of 'smart' compounds are drug-related aromatics which are 2D or cyclic: Endocannabinoids are an example.
Any active process is directed by active ingredients - muscle, hormone, or a psychedelic drug! Hormones are well-known active or 'smart' molecules. There also exist networks of neurotransmitters which regulate nerves & blood-vessels - endocannabinoids & opiates. These are known to have active roles in mitigating chronic nervous/muscular disorders.
PHYSIQUE, in other words, is extraordinarily complicated & particularly where you have complicated diseases -
EXO-GENETIC
What we intend by this is, basically, 'how do genes relate to the natural world?' It's just a way of thinking around techno-jargon to - as politicos say - the big picture. How do genes develop in the real world? The answer is obviously into plants & animals. It's easier to look at this as PHYSIQUE. Fair enough (or not) - meaning everything outside of genes, which obviously functions as a 3-D, coordinated system. (Click haemoglobin pic animation here)
RELATING STEMCELLS TO HUMAN PHYSIQUE & MORE PARTICULARLY HUMAN POPULATIONS
This is what exo-genetic is about. Genes can appear ambiguous until you relate the data to human physique. In other words, adult stem cells contain more information because they have been 'programmed' to grow & as we know adult stem cells are used in bone-marrow transplants.
Adult stem cells are less useful for the reason they are no longer pluripotent (able to grow into anything). Nevertheless, ESC genes have thus far drawn a blank & the reason may be that there is simply not enough information there! This information literally has to grow so as you can detect it in human physique - & more particularly populations.
UPDATE ON UK SITUATION
Hybrid-cloning in the UK is supported but scientific research bodies are not giving grants. How come?
